Following an incident of rape, victims may experience vaginal or rectal bleeding, soreness and bruising (and much worse in the case of violent attacks), insomnia, nausea, shock, disbelief, withdrawal, anger, shame, guilt, and humiliation. Long-term consequences may include post traumatic stress disorder, rape trauma syndrome, ongoing fear, nightmares, flashbacks, self-hatred, substance abuse, anxiety, depression, and suicide.

• Rates of HIV are ten times as high inside of prison as outside, making forced or coerced sex - where prevention methods are virtually nonexistent - a deadly proposition. Though reliable statistics are unavailable, inmates have contracted the HIV-virus through prisoner rape, a phenomena that has been described as "an unadjudicated death sentence."
• In addition to the possibility of disease exposure that both male and female rape victims experience, female inmates have been impregnated as a result of staff sexual misconduct. Some of these women have then been further subjected to inappropriate segregation and denial of adequate healthcare services.
• Upon release, male prisoner rape survivors may bring with them emotional scars and learned violent behavior that continue the cycle of harm. Feelings of rage can be suppressed until release, when survivors may engage in violent, antisocial behavior and aggressive assertion of their masculinity, including the commission of rape on others.
• Many survivors of prisoner rape blame themselves. Male survivors often feel that they have been stripped of their "manhood." The tendency of perpetrators to feminize their victims and the general use of misleading terms such as "homosexual rape" cause many heterosexual men to feel that their sexuality has been compromised. Gay survivors may blame their sexual orientation for the rape.
• Survivors involved in perpetual sexual exploitation (sometimes spanning years), who must repeatedly submit to avoid further violence, unsurprisingly experience serious and enduring psychological consequences.